Family History An Individual Essay - 1225 Words

Family history is very important to an individual. By knowing where you come from, you can have a better perspective of your life and of others. Every person has a different origin, a different story to tell, and it’s up to the next generation to share the story of their ancestry to future generations. The paternal side of my family originated in Ireland, they later came over through Elis Island and resided in Waukon, Iowa. Throughout time my family moved and expanded, as generations past the McKenna name would broadened. My great-grandmother Ann was born in 1923 on a small rural farm just off the blacktop of Bluffton, Iowa. Churning butter, collecting eggs, and tending to the livestock cultivated the strong work ethic, she soon would pass on to her children and grandchildren. She attended a small town school with a grand total of 25 kids; Ann graduated with an eighth grade education. As time went on and she passed her schooling; she acquired jobs doing house work for others, but the pay was only 25 cents a week. Instead of continuing her low paying job she decided it would be best to work on the farm. While doing this she became close to her neighbor, William McKenna. The pair had attended the same church and saw each other often, they eventually started dating. On May 29, 1939 the two were married and they would soon start their ever-expanding family. After their wedding Ann and William purchased a small farm where they would soon begin their living. My great-grandmotherShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use By Alice Walker1698 Words   |  7 PagesFamily makes up most of your culture. To fully understand self-identity you need to investigate all the cultures you are included in your family and heritage. In the short story, â€Å"Everyday Use† Alice Walker takes a deep look into heritage. This story has a complicated relationships between the mamma and her two daughters. In this short story, it shows that your heritage will form your life. This will make you the person you are today. Culture is one of the most important part of self-identity. ItRead MoreMixed Race History : The Color of Water1405 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent was her families quick acceptance of her future husband Julio Peralta. Based on history and individuals discussed throughout the course and Julio’s different background, I expected more opposition from her family. As we have seen throughout the course, acceptance of a spouse with a different look or complexion has not always been so easily accepted by families. For instance, we can again refer back to the case of Rachel in The Color of Water who was shunned by her family and even forgottenRead MoreIdentifying The Connection Between Families And Identify Of The Family Communicate With One Another1164 Words   |  5 PagesToday genograms are used in psychology and medical settings to identify the connection between families and identify how members of the family communicate with one another. There are several types of genograms that created for many reasons such as ethical, career, and sexual. This genogram helps an individual map out the connection of their contextual history with their framework. My experience of creating a genogram was an amazing feeling and it helped me discover several factors that occur inRead MoreIdentifying The Connection Between Families And Identify How Members Of The Family Communicate With One Another1252 Words   |  6 PagesToday genograms are us ed in education, psychology, and medical settings to identify the connection between families and identify how members of the family communicate with one another. There are several types of genograms that are created for many reasons such as ethical, career, and sexual. These genograms help an individual map out the connection of their contextual history and developmental framework. My experience of creating a genogram was an amazing feeling and it helped me discover severalRead MoreEssay on Uop Qnt 561 Business Research Methods1248 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus, tobacco use, family history of CHD, metabolic syndrome status, history of CHD, and patient prescribed medications. The dependent variable is atherosclerosis (plaque build-up in the arteries). Subjects for the study completed a questionnaire (see Appendix A) to determine inclusion validity and categorical variables that may affect results. All subjects are required to be currently treated with a statin drug and subjects with a known intolerance to niacin or a history of liver disease wereRead MoreThe Irish Culture And The Person I Interviewed1316 Words   |  6 PagesIreland is a country that is rich in culture, traditions, and faith. This country has struggled with over time with famine, religious tension, and even freedom. Many individuals immigrated to America in search of a better life. The person I chose to interview family came over to the United States when Ireland was struggling with famine. They came over on a boat through New York and changed there name to make it more American. For this paper I will further discuss the Irish culture and the personRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Among Urban Adolescent Women1115 Words   |  5 Pagesteenage pregnancy was comple ted (Lang et al., 2013). The purpose of the study is to examine multi-level risk factors amongst minority adolescents with psychological disturbances as it relates to history of pregnancy (Lang et al., 2013). The study examines many risk factors such as risky individual behavior, family dynamics, and environment to determine if there is a direct correlation between past teenage pregnancies amongst adolescent with psychological disturbances. Method: The methodology of theRead MoreThe Importance Of Cultural History On Culture1294 Words   |  6 Pages Assessing Cultural History People are born physically, socially, and culturally unaware. Instinct is an unlearned behavior that all species encounter. Humans are different than other creatures. Humans need social experiences from their culture to survive (Macionis, 2002-04). Humans are the only creatures that depend on culture instead of instinct to survive (Harris, 1987). Culture is something that has be learned. We are not born with culture, but however born into culture. We are not handed ourRead MoreNursing Rua Nr 302 Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesChamberlain College of Nursing NR 302 Health Assessment: Part I REQUIRED UNIFORM ASSIGNMENT GUIDELINES PART 1: THE HEALTH HISTORY PURPOSE Before any nursing plan of care or intervention can be implemented or evaluated, the nurse assesses the individual through the collection of both subjective and objective data. The data collected are used to determine areas of need or problems to be addressed by the nursing care plan. This assignment will focus on collecting subjective assessment dataRead MoreHow Does Alcohol Intervention Work?989 Words   |  4 Pagespsychologist, therapist, mental health counselor, social worker, or addiction specialist - who is trained in intervention.  [7] All the participants (i.e. spouses, parents, siblings, aunt and uncles, family friends, best friends, etc.)  will get together with this professional to discuss the severity of the individuals alcoholism and provide background on the case.   One of the most important tasks that each participant will have to complete is penning a love letter to the person with the alcohol problem. The

Administrative and Politics Dichotomy Free Essays

For many years, the political-administrative dichotomy has been one of the most disputed theories of public administration. Despite serious debates and critiques, the differences between politics and public administration have been present over the past decades. The question still remains today whether or not politics and public administration can work together for one common good-to serve the people for which hey govern. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative and Politics Dichotomy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, politics and administration are linked in many ways. A few examples are: administrators initiate policy, administrative acts have political consequences, and administrators shape policy after the fact and civil servants are not politically neutral. Skelley, B. D. (2008) Another aspect of the administrative-political divide is the philosophical ideals in the western culture of the Greek civic-culture (political) and political-administrative relationship has been an important question for over a century now. Skelley, B. D. 008) Woodrow Wilson, in his article â€Å"The Study of Administration† (1887), wrote of how to position public administration in relation to politics. His idea is the forefront to which the idea that public administration is somehow distinct from politics. Public administration is supposed to be the instrument used or the delivery vehicle for translating policies into action, while politics is about making the policies. Demir, T. Nyhan, R. (2008) The d ichotomy is still influencing public administration due to numerous public administrators are laiming neutrality from political influences. Neutrality refers to the ability to do government work, do it to the standard that has been set, rather than to one’s own standard or for other loyalties or personal gain. How to cite Administrative and Politics Dichotomy, Papers

Therapeutics Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter

Questions: 1. Discuss digoxin and its place in therapy. Include in your answer (but not limited to) aspects that relate to how it works, what it is used for, therapeutic drug monitoring and patient specific information. 2. Choose one of the newer (novel) anticoagulant drugs (NOACS) and discuss its place in therapy. Make particular note of recent studies for evidence of safety and efficacy. 3. Discuss long acting beta agonists (LABAs) and their use. Include (but not limited to) aspects that relate to pharmaceutical care of patients that may be using these drugs as well as more specific information relating to the class of drug. Answers: 1. Digoxin primarily acts by inhibiting sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ ATPase) in the myocardium. By virtue of this inhibition, there is increase in the intracellular sodium levels which results in the reverse exchange of sodium and calcium through sodium-calcium exchanger. In normal condition, three sodium ions get imported for every one calcium ion exported out of the cell. After the reversal of exchange of ions, there is increased concentration of calcium ions in the cell for the contractile proteins like actin and myosin. Digoxin decreases heart rate by increasing intracellular calcium level which increase length of the phase 4 and phase 0 of the cardiac action potential (1). Digoxin is mainly useful in condition of irregular heart beat like atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter and occasionally it is useful for the treatment of heart failure. Due to high ventricular rate, there is the inadequate diastolic filling time. Digoxin reduce this ventricular rate by reducing the rate of conduction in AV node which leads to the increase in its refractory period. As a result there is the improvement in the pumping activity of the heart due to the improvement in the filling. Even tough digoxin is not the first choice in heart failure it can be used for heart failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin is essential both for efficacy and toxicity because of its narrow therapeutic index. This narrow therapeutic index reflects there is large overlap between the drug concentration in the plasma and its therapeutic effect and toxic effect. Side effects of digoxin are concentration dependent. If plasma concentration of digoxin is more than 0.8 nanograms/mL, it exhibits its adverse effects (2). Digoxin should not be administered in patients with low potassium level. Digoxin usually competes with and share binding site of K+ for Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Hence, digoxin exhibits adverse effects in patients with low potassium level. Patients with other electrolyte imbalance conditions like hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia and hypernatremia may reduce therapeutic effect of digoxin, even though its plasma concentration is adequate. Patients with hypothyroidism and with renal impairment may affect concentration of digoxin in the plasma. Hence, these patients should be closely monitored for plasma concentration of digoxin. Hypoxia and alkalosis caused due to the chronic lung disease may result in the adverse effects of digoxin (1, 2). 2.Dabigatran (Pradaxa) : Anticoagulant drugs are particularly useful for the thromboembolism. Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor was approved in 2010 and this is only drug available in the market in this class of direct thrombin inhibitor. Warfarin was used since long time as anticoagulant, however it was associated with very narrow therapeutic window and patient to patient variability is more and requires frequent drug monitoring. With novel oral anticoagulants, there is no need of frequent drug monitoring. Coagulation pathway involves multiple components and inhibition or alteration one component can also alter entire pathway. Direct thrombin inhibitors act on the last step by inhibiting thrombin. This last step of coagulation pathway involves conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. This thrombin facilitate conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin which results in the clot formation (3). RE-LY trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy) with dabigatran conducted on 18,113 subjects with non-vascular atrial fibrillation (AF) with the dose of 110 mg twice daily exhibited superior effect in reduction of stroke as compared to warfarin. Also both the doses of dabigatran like 110 and 150 mg twice daily exhibited major, intracranial and total bleeding with lesser incidence as compared to the warfarin (4). In another study with 2782 asian patients, it has been shown that both the doses of dabigatran exhibited advantage over warfarin in CHADS score. This CHADS score is the good predictor of stroke and bleeding in anticoagulant therapy (5). In another trial with 149 patients in left atrial ablation for atrial fibrillation, dabigatran at the dose of 110 mg twice daily proved to be safe and effective as compared to the acenocoumarol (6). 3. Long acting beta agonists (LABAs) specifically 2 adrenergic receptor agonists are useful in moderate to severe asthma and also in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This class of drugs include formoterol, arformoterol, bambuterol, clenbuterol, formoterol and salmeterol. This class of drugs have duration of action approximately 12 hours. However, other than formoterol other drugs of this class are not in routine use for acute exacerbations of asthma because of onset of action of these class of drugs is slower than short acting 2 agonist such as salbutamol. This class of drugs exhibits longer duration action because of addition of the long lipophilic side chain which binds and unbinds to the adrenergic receptors continuously. This class of medication is used as controller medication in case of asthma and it can be used once or twice a day (7). This class of medication can be used in combination with the inhaled steroids. Various health guidelines mentioned t hat, this class of medication should be prescribed in severe asthma instead of mild asthma. In recent studies, it is evident that there are more asthma exacerbations and deaths in patients with salmeterol group as compared to the placebo group. In this study, 26,000 people with asthma were recruited and salmeterol was given twice daily. Hence studies with large subjects should be conducted for combination of long acting 2 agonist along with corticosteroids to reduce these severe exacerbations of asthma. Long acting 2 agonist should not be used for immediate effect or to get rid of quick symptoms (8). In majority of the cases long acting 2 agonist should be used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids because there are chances of severe exacerbations of asthma without use of concomitant steroid. These exacerbations of asthma are due to the continuous augmentation of inflammation in the absence of steroids. In few cases, asthma seems to exacerbate during the use of 2 agonist, and this condition should be brought to the notice of doctor. Long acting 2 agonist should be given to children below 4 years with more care. Pregnant women should not use long acting 2 agonist (9). References: Ziff OJ, Kotecha D. Digoxin: The good and the bad. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2016 Oct;26(7):585-95. MacLeod-Glover N, Mink M, Yarema M, Chuang R4. Digoxin toxicity: Case for retiring its use in elderly patients? Can Fam Physician. 2016 Mar; 62(3):223-8. Ageno W, Eikelboom J, Lip GY. Dabigatran in clinical practice: Contemporary overview of the evidence. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Oct 1; 220: 417-28. Hori M, Fukaya T, Kleine E, Reilly PA, Ezekowitz MD, Connolly SJ. Efficacy and Safety of Dabigatran Etexilate vs. Warfarin in Asian RE-LY Patients According to Baseline Renal Function or CHADS2 Score. Circ J. 2015; 79(10):2138-47. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 11391151 Efremidis M, Vlachos K, Letsas KP, Giannopoulos G, Lioni L, Georgopoulos S, Vadiaka M, Deftereos S, Sideris A. Low dose dabigatran versus uninterrupted acenocoumarol for peri-procedural anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. J Electrocardiol. 2015 Sep-Oct;48(5):840-4.. Karbasi-Afshar R, Aslani J, Ghanei M. Efficacy and safety of conventional long acting 2- agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis. Caspian J Intern Med. 2016 Spring;7(2):64-70. Bacharier LB. Step-down therapy in asthma: a focus on treatment options for patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonist combination therapy. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012 Jan-Feb; 33(1):13-8. Hernandez G, Avila M, Pont A, Garin O, Alonso J, Laforest L, Cates CJ, Ferrer M. Long-acting beta-agonists plus inhaled corticosteroids safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized studies. Respiratory Research. 2014; 15:83 DOI:10.1186/1465-9921-15-83

The House of the Scorpion Essay Example

The House of the Scorpion Essay The house of the scorpion The term extraordinary can apply to many things. The definition of extraordinary is an object that is â€Å"very unusual and deserving attention†. The House of the Scorpion deserves to be called extraordinary because it spins a masterful literary web that will not set you free until you finish the last page with a satisfied sigh. Because of the moralistic issues she cunningly weaves into the book, the excellent literary language, and her cautionary take on the future, Farmer will never disappoint her readers as she spins her dispute between right and wrong. There is a thin line between good and evil. Farmer delves into morally wrong issues, and brings our twisted inventions to the light. She poses questions of right and wrong of topics discussed today. Is it ethical to clone human beings? Is a human suffering, even though they are not aware of it? Farmer brings our worst fears into view and dissects them one by one. Even though we clearly see some things as bad and others as good Farmer gives a second opinion on these issues and makes us rethink our answers. Her take on right and wrong is exemplified by El Patron and Matt. One is clearly right, and the other wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on The House of the Scorpion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The House of the Scorpion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The House of the Scorpion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But the reader cannot but feel that El Patron was to be sympathized with, such as when he pitifully repeats the tale of his dead brothers and sisters. Matt on the other hand at some times was to be despised at, such when he forced Maria to kiss him. Readers will be kept to the edge of their seat as she presents questions and answers and while at the same time causing ourselves to delve deeply into our hearts and find what we believe in. Readers will not be able to put down this book because of the thoughtful questions it provokes. Another one of the reasons why readers are recommended this book is Farmer’s literary style. While the plot is the bare bones of the story, the meat is what really makes the book worth reading. Her characters are the veins that give the book life as they flow richly from the pages. You can hear Celia and Maria laughing with Matt while Tam Lin indulgently watches on. You can practically feel the love between them as Tam Lin befriends the lonely despised clone, as Maria bypasses prejudices to love him, as Celia bravely defies El Patron by poisoning Matt’s heart. She cleverly describes her tale of a futuristic landscape in sweeping imagery, so real you can join in Matt’s horror when he finds out what eejits really are. Farmer has effectively enthralled readers because of the life she breathes into the book, transforming a set of simple bones into an extraordinary literary tale by infusing it with flesh, blood and a heart. The heart is what keeps people reading, and convinces people to read them; it is the heart that pumps the blood through the veins and lends animation to the bones. Farmer captures the workings of a heart and imbues it into her book making it a worthwhile read. Farmer keeps a firm grip on reality while presenting a real and shocking view on our world a hundred years into the future. She looks at arguments that plague our world now and imagine what will happen hundreds of years later. Some authors may see science fiction as a way out of reality, because literally anything can happen in the future. Farmer, however, gives plausible views of what could happen to us in our civilization if things continue as they do now. What she foresees is economic disaster, whales dying and whole oceans choked with pollution. She sees a life where everybody is running away from their life because reality is too harsh to face. She sees countries crippled because of drugs, mindless slaves working in the poppy fields. She sees everybody unable to face the truth because sometimes the truth is too hard to bear. She has given us an entirely possible future, where everyone we know can be an eejit, every child we know could be starving because nothing is equal. This book will give readers a new view on what our world could become. Farmer presents cautionary tale of what could happen if it is too late to open our eyes and enslave millions of people to a miserable existence. Nancy Farmer’s work in The House of the Scorpion has entertained millions of readers because of the questions she cunningly weaves into the plot, the beautiful literary imagery, and the setting, which takes place a hundred years into the future. Her futuristic setting lends a sense of horror to the book as everything is dead or struggling to live. She has captured readers with her excellent plot which she fleshes out with believable characters. She has given the book a heart and thus it will capture generations of people because of the qualities she has written it with.

The Merchant of Venice Act 1 Summary

'The Merchant of Venice' Act 1 Summary Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a fantastic play and boasts one of Shakespeares most memorable villains, the Jewish moneylender, Shylock. This Merchant of Venice Act 1 summary guides you through the plays opening scenes in modern English. Here, Shakespeare takes the time to introduce his main characters - most notably Portia, one of the strongest women parts in all Shakespeares plays. Act 1 Scene 1 Antonio is speaking to his friends Salerio and Solanio. He explains that a sadness has come over him. His friends suggest that his sadness could be due to him worrying about his commercial ventures. He has ships at sea with merchandise in them and they could be vulnerable. Antonio says he is not worried about his ships because his goods are spread between them and if one went down he would still have the others. His friends suggest that he must then be in love, Antonio denies this. Bassanio, Lorenzo, and Graziano arrive as Salerio and Solanio leave. Lorenzo says that now Bassanio and Antonio have been reunited they will make their leave but arrange to meet up later for dinner. Graziano tries to cheer Antonio up but to no avail, he tells Antonio that men who try to be melancholy in order to be perceived as wise are deceived. Graziano and Lorenzo leave. Bassanio complains that Graziano has nothing to say but just will not stop talking. â€Å"Graziano speaks an infinite deal of nothing† (Act 1 Scene 1) Antonio asks Bassanio to tell him about the woman he has fallen for and intends to pursue. Bassanio acknowledges that he has borrowed a lot of money from Antonio over the years and promises to clear his debts to him: To you Antonio, I owe the most in money and in love, And from your love I have a warranty to unburden all my plots and purposes how to get clear of all the debts I owe.(Act 1 Scene 1). Bassanio explains that he has fallen in love with Portia the heiress of Belmont but that she has other richer suitors, he just wants to try to compete with them in order to win her hand. He needs money to get there. Antonio tells him that all his money is tied up in his business but that he will act as a guarantor for any loan that he can get. Act 1 Scene 2 Enter Portia with Nerissa her waiting woman. Portia complains that she is weary of the world. Her dead father stipulated, in his will, that she herself cannot choose a husband. Portia’s suitors will be given a choice of three chests; one gold, one silver, and one lead. The winning chest contains a portrait of Portia and in choosing the correct chest he will win her hand in marriage. He must agree that if he chooses the wrong chest he will not be permitted to marry anyone. Nerissa lists suitors who have come to guess including the Neopolitan Prince, County Palatine, A French Lord and an English nobleman. Portia mocks each of the gentlemen for their shortcomings. In particular, a German nobleman who was a drinker, Nerissa asks if Portia remembers him she says: Very vilely in the morning when he is sober, and most viley in the afternoon when he is drunk. When he is best he is little worse than a man, and when he is worse he is little better than a beast. An the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him.(Act 1 Scene 2). The men listed all left before guessing for fear that they would get it wrong and face the consequences. Portia is determined to follow her father’s will and be won in the way in which he wished but she is happy that none of the men who have come have succeeded. Nerissa reminds Portia of a young gentleman, a Venetian scholar, and soldier who visited her when her father was alive. Portia remembers Bassanio fondly and believes him to be worthy of praise. It is announced that the Prince of Morocco is coming to woo her but she is not particularly happy about it.

Steps for Putting Together a Great Anthology

Steps for Putting Together a Great Anthology Steps for Putting Together a Great Anthology Known as â€Å"Spunk On A Stick,† L. Diane Wolfe is a member of the National Speakers Association. She conducts seminars on book publishing, promoting, leadership, and goal-setting, and she offers book formatting and author consultation. Wolfe is the senior editor at Dancing Lemur Press, L.L.C. and contributes to the Insecure Writer’s Support Group. For more of Wolfe's tips, check out her blog.   Once the stories are edited and cover art (and full wraparound, if you’re planning on printing copies) is created, the book is formatted for print and/or eBook review copies. Once it’s formatted, the price is selected, the bar code and PNC/LCCN ordered, then the title sent to printers/distributors. Be sure it’s marked â€Å"Review Copy.†12. Review copies outReviewers are sent books or contacted as per submission guidelines. This is where the authors can really assist in supplying reviewers. A large list of potential reviewers should be created during the marketing planning phase.13. More marketingMarketing continues with social media posts - Tweets, Pinterest images, Instagram, blogging, Facebook, virtual tour stops set, live appearances set, bookstores-libraries-schools contacted, blogging, Instagram, advertising set, etc.14. Last rounds of editsTwo months before release, the last round of edits occur, catching any typos and other areas where the stories can be tightened and polished.15. Book finalizedA month before release, the finished book is created and sent to distributors and the printer. Copies are ordered for the author and the organization/publisher.16. Release day and more marketingThe big day! All of the authors should play a big part in the release announcements. It doesn’t stop there though - marketing should continue for many months to come.And that’s it. Easy? No. Simple? Yes, if you stick to the outline and plan.It’s challenging working with so many authors, but at the same time, each person brings a fresh set of marketing ideas and a different sphere of influence - not to mention a unique set of skills and abilities. So, while it’s a lot to juggle in the production phase, the marketing part should yield some great results. A win-win for everyone!Have any questions for L. Diane Wolfe? Leave any thoughts or feedback in the comments below!

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4GP) Essay - 1

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4GP) - Essay Example ht to ensure that measures were taken which would prevent as far as possible a recurrence of the problem; and they showed themselves to be prepared to bear the short term cost in the name of consumer safety. That more than anything else established a basis for trust with their customers.† Still, more could have been done to prevent the issue or better manage the crisis. The biggest problem on Johnson & Johnson’s side was a design flaw in the pills that were contaminated: they were capsules. The capsules could be broken apart and put back together, which allowed for tampering on store shelves. Even though the tampering was not their fault, the responsibility for the safe design of the pills rested on their shoulders. Another problem was that the packages were not safety sealed where tampering could be easily detected. Had Johnson & Johnson fixed these designed flaws when the first crisis occurred in 1982, the second one may never have come to pass. Better research and development along these lines would have helped them better manage the crisis. Perpetrators are always looking for new ways to commit their crimes, so Johnson & Johnson must continuously be prepared for new ways of tampering to occur. This is especially true with the advent of new technologies that could possibly allow for even the most seemingly tamper-resistant packaging to be breached or for false packages to be placed on shelves in order to fool unknowing consumers. Essentially, the company needs to stay on its toes and carefully consider the different ways in which tampering could possibly occur with their different products in order to protect itself from both internal and external product contamination cases. Furthermore, Johnson & Johnson should always keep its employees informed about how to spot potential dangers and give them a protocol to follow in case they occur. Just because they made it through the first round of crises with flying colors does not mean that they could